Note publique d'information : CE TRAVAIL ANALYSE LES REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES AU CHILI DURANT LES TROIS ANNEES DU
GOUVERNEMENT D'UNITE POPULAIRE (1970-1973). IL REND COMPTE, A TRAVERS LE "VECU SOCIAL"
DES INDIVIDUS EN PRESENCE, DU "CLIMAT POLITIQUE" ET PERMET DE COMPRENDRE LES DIFFERENTS
CONFLITS ET TENSIONS AYANT CONDUIT A UN AFFRONTEMENT. A TRAVERS L'INTERROGATION SUR
LA CONSTRUCTION DES IDENTITES POLITIQUES, IL TENTE D'EXPLIQUER COMMENT DES INDIVIDUS
ET GROUPES SOCIAUX ONT PERCU L'EXPERIENCE DE L'UNITE POPULAIRE. LA PREOCCUPATION AYANT
ETE DE SE DEMANDER CE QUI, DANS LA PERCEPTION ET LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA REALITE SOCIALE
DES DIFFERENTS GROUPES SOCIAUX A PU PREPARER LE TERRAIN A UN TEL BOULEVERSEMENT, L'ANALYSE
DE CERTAINS EVENEMENTS AYANT VALEUR DE "MARQUE" A ETE INTEGREE A CE TRAVAIL. CETTE
ANALYSE SOCIO-HISTORIUE, SANS ETRE UNE HISTOIRE DU CHILI CONTEMPORAIN, TENTE DE DETERMINER,
EN GUISE DE PROLOGUE A CETTE REVOLUTION, LES "EVENEMENTS" OU "FAITS SOCIAUX" AYANT
CONTRIBUE A MARQUER ET A CONSTRUIRE UNE MEMOIRE SOCIALE ET A FORGER DES IDENTITES,
A OPERER DES DIVISIONS ET DES ALLIANCES, A TRACER DES LIGNES DE FRACTURE ET MARQUER
DES REPERES. LE CAS DE LA GREVE DE L'ECOLE SANTA MAIRA DE IQUIQUIE (1907) QUI SE SOLDA
PAR UN MASSACRE ET SE QUI SITUAIT DANS LA CRISE QU'ETAIT EN TRAIN DE VIVRE LE CHILI
AU DEBUT DU SIECLE, EXPRIME LE MIEUX CETTE RECHERCHE DE NOUVEAUX REPERES DE NOUVELLES
IDENTIFICATIONS, D'UN NOUVEL EQUILIBRE DES AGENTS SOCIAUX EN PRESENCE AU MOMENT OU
NAIT LE MOUVEMENT OUVRIER. C'EST LE CAS EGALEMENT DE LA TOMA (L'APPROPRIATION) DE
CE QUE L'ON A NOMME LE QUARTIER DE LA VICTORIA (VICTOIRE). IL REND COMPTE DES NOUVELLES
FORMES DE REVENDICATION D'UNE POPULATION- LES POBLADORES (LES HABITANTS DE QUARTIERS
POPULAIRES)- QUI DEMANDE A CE MOMENT LA (1957) LE DROIT A LA PAROLE ET QUI SE GORGEANT
UNE IDENTITE DE LUTTE PARTICULIERE, DONNA NAISSANCE A CETTE FORME GENERALISEE DE REVENDICATION
QUE CONSTITUERENT DURANT LES ANNEES 1960-1970 LES TOMAS DE TERRAIN.
Note publique d'information : THIS WORK ANALYSES THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN CHILE DURING THE 3 YEARS OF THE POPULAR
UNITY GOVERNMENT (1970-1973). IT DISCRIBES, THROUGH THE "SOCIAL EXPERIENCE" OF PEOPLE,
THE POLITICAL CLIMATE AND ENABLES TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENT CONFLICTS AND TENSIONS
WHICH LED TO A CONFRONTATION. THROUGH THE QUESTION OF THE BUILDING OF POLITICAL IDENTITIES,
IL SEELS TO EXPLAIN HOW INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIAL GROUPS HAVE PERCEIVED THE EXPERIENCE
OF THE POPULAR UNITY. THE CONCERN HAVING BEEN TO WONDER WHAT, IN THE PERCEPTION AND
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOCIAL REALITY BY DIFFERENTS GROUPS HAS MANAGED TO WORK OUT SUCH
AN UPHEAVAL, THE ANALYSE OF SOME HISTORICALLY SIGNIGICANT EVENTS HAS BEEN INTEGRATED
TO THIS WORK. THE SOCIOHISTORICAL ANALYSE, WITHOUT BEING A CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF
CHILE, SEEKS DETERMINE AS A PROLOGUE TO THIS REVOLUTION THE EVENTS OR SOCIAL FACTS
THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO MARK AND BUILD A SOCIAL MEMORY AND MOULD IDENTITES, TO INDUCE
DIVISIONS AND ALLIANCES, TO MAKE SPLIT LINES AND TO SHOW MARKS. THE CASE OF SANTA
MARIA DE IQUIQUE SCHOOL (1907), WHICH ENDED IN A STAUGHTER AND TOOK PLACE IN THE CRISIS
CHILE WAS HAVING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CENTURY, ILLUSTRATES VERY WELL THE SEARCH
OF NEW MARKS, NEW IDENTIFICATIONS, NEW EQUILIBRIUM AMONG SOCIAL AGENTS WHILE THE WORKERS'
PARTY TAKS FORM. IT IS ALSO THE CASE OF THE TOMA (THE APPROPRIATION) OF WHAT HAS BEEN
CALLED THE VICTORIA (VICTORY) DISTRICT. IT DEALS WITH THE NEW FORM OF A POPULATION
DEMAND -THE POBLADORES (THE POPULAR DISTRICT INHABITANTS) - WHO ASKS AT THAT TIME
(1957) THE RIGHT TO SPEAK AND, BUILDING THEIR OWN IDENTITY ON A PARTICULAR STRUGGLE,
GAVE BIRTH TO THIS GENERAL FORM OF CLAIM THAT CONSTITUTED THE TOMAS' GROUND IN THE
1960'S AND 1970'S. AT LAST THE TRIVIAL EVENT OF CHACAL DE NAHUELTORO (1961).
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