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Note publique d'information : Diabetes is a disease that is now regarded an epidemic in the world and a sign- icant
e?ort is directed towards ?nding better ways to manage diabetes. Keeping bloodglucoselevelsasclosetonormalaspossible,leadstoasubstantialdecrease
in long term complications of diabetes and can bring signi?cant cost reductions associated
with the disease. Traditionally, managing diabetes has been through intermittent monitoring
of blood glucose and then administering an appropriate dose of insulin into the blood
stream. This method of intermittent monitoring and administration of insulin cannot
ensure blood glucose remains at near n- mal levels at all times and therefore, there
is considerable interest in managing diabetes on a continuous basis. The development
of arti?cial organs/apparatus that regulate human’s blood glucose level has been in
progress since 1960. The aim was to measure blood glucose level ex vivo and then injecting
an appropriate amount of insulin to the hyperglycaemic patient, thereby correcting
the high glucose level. This aim of closing the “loop” is still being challenged by
technological barriers even today, and progress are being made constantly both in
overcoming the challenges and understanding more about the workings of glucose-regulatory
system. The purpose of this book is to introduce the ?eld of closed-loop blood g-
cose control, in a simple manner, to the reader. This includes the hardware and software
components that make up the control system (see Chapter 2). The hardware components
involved the di?erent types of glucose sensor (- vasive, minimally-invasive and non-invasive)
and the di?erent types of insulin
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